Evolution of Rasayana Concept from Charaka to Ashtanga Hridaya: A Comparative Textual and Conceptual Analysis
Abstract
Rasayana is a specialized branch of Ayurveda aimed at promoting longevity, immunity, intellect, and
tissue rejuvenation. The foundational exposition of rasayana is found in Charaka Samhita, where it is systematically
elaborated under Chikitsa Sthana (1). Subsequent classical texts such as Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya
expanded and modified its conceptual and therapeutic dimensions (2,3). However, a structured comparative analysis of
its evolution remains limited. Objective: To critically analyze the evolution of the rasayana concept from Charaka
Samhita to Ashtanga Hridaya, highlighting textual, philosophical, and therapeutic developments. Methods: A systematic
review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (4). Primary classical texts were analyzed with chapter and
verse references. Secondary sources were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and AYUSH Research Portal
up to December 2025. Comparative textual synthesis was performed. Results: The analysis demonstrates a conceptual
progression from primarily rejuvenative and longevity-focused therapy in Charaka (1) to surgical relevance in Sushruta
(2) and a more concise, clinically applicable framework in Ashtanga Hridaya (3). Expansion in classification,
indications, and practical formulations is evident. Conclusion: The rasayana concept evolved from a primarily
longevity-focused doctrine in Charaka to a clinically systematized and therapeutically integrated framework in Ashtanga
Hridaya, reflecting adaptive textual refinement across classical Ayurveda. Keywords: Rasayana, Charaka Samhita,
Ashtanga Hridaya, Rejuvenation, Immunomodulation, Ayurvedic pharmaceutics
Keywords
Rasayana, Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Rejuvenation, Immunomodulation, Ayurvedic pharmaceutics