Basti Therapy in Chronic Musculoskeletal and Neurological Disorders: A PRISMA-Compliant Integrative Review
Abstract
Background: Chronic musculoskeletal and neurological disorders constitute a major global
health burden, leading to long-term disability, reduced quality of life, and escalating healthcare
costs. Conditions such as osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, cervical spondylosis, stroke
sequelae, and neuropathies often demonstrate incomplete response to conventional therapies.
Ayurveda considers these disorders predominantly Vata-Vyadhi, wherein Basti therapy is
described as the principal and most effective intervention.
Objective: To critically evaluate classical Ayurvedic concepts and contemporary scientific
evidence regarding the role of Basti therapy in the management of chronic musculoskeletal and
neurological disorders.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and
AYUSH Research Portal were searched up to December 2025. Classical Ayurvedic texts
(Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) were reviewed for textual references. Clinical, experimental, and observational studies assessing Basti therapy in
chronic musculoskeletal and neurological conditions were included.
Results: Of 82 records identified, 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. Classical literature
establishes Basti as the prime therapy for Vata-Vyadhi, with systemic action mediated through
Pakvashaya. Modern studies demonstrate that various forms of Basti—including Niruha,
Anuvasana, and Yapana Basti—exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuromodulatory, and
functional restorative effects in chronic disorders. However, heterogeneity in study design and
protocols persists.
Conclusion: Basti therapy represents a rational, system-level intervention for chronic
musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Integrative clinical trials with standardized
methodologies are essential to strengthen evidence and facilitate broader clinical acceptance.
Keywords
Basti; Vata-Vyadhi; Musculoskeletal Disorders; Neurological Disorders; Panchakarma; Ayurveda