Abstract

Background: Puta is the planned delivery of heat used during the preparation of many metal- and mineral- based medicines in Rasashastra. Classical systems use measured arrangements of biomass fuel, whereas present-day manufacture increasingly uses electric furnaces. Objective: To examine how the thermal logic of Puta can be retained while improving energy efficiency, process control, worker safety and environmental performance. Methods: This narrative review considered classical texts, official Ayurvedic standards, comparative pharmaceutical studies, green chemistry literature and quality-system guidance. Greater weight was given to studies that recorded temperature-time profiles or compared products made by traditional and electric methods. Main findings: Evidence from Swarna Makshika, Lauha, Tamra, Rajata and Naga Bhasma shows that controlled electric heating can reproduce acceptable products in selected preparations, but equivalence cannot be assumed from peak temperature alone. Heating rate, holding time, cooling pattern, furnace load, number of cycles and intermediate processing also matter. A sustainable system should measure energy per acceptable batch, yield, waste, emissions and batch reproducibility, while confirming classical and physicochemical quality. Conclusion: Sustainable Puta is best understood as process- specific thermal validation, not the simple replacement of cow-dung fuel with electricity.