Abstract

Background: Predictive and preventive healthcare has become a global priority due to the rising burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Modern medicine increasingly focuses on identifying preclinical stages of disease using biomarkers and risk stratification tools. Ayurveda, through the concept of Purvarupa, describes disease-specific prodromal features that appear before complete disease manifestation, offering a valuable opportunity for early intervention. Objective: To critically review the Ayurvedic concept of Purvarupa and explore its relevance as a predictive marker in preventive healthcare by correlating classical descriptions with contemporary biomedical understanding. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and their authoritative commentaries, along with contemporary literature on prodromal states, predictive medicine, and disease prevention. Conceptual synthesis was undertaken to establish correlations between Ayurvedic and modern frameworks. Results: Purvarupa represents an identifiable, reversible stage in disease evolution corresponding to modern prodromal or preclinical phases. Evidence from metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders supports the relevance of early symptom-based prediction. Ayurvedic preventive measures applied during Purvarupa Avastha align with modern primary prevention strategies. Conclusion: Purvarupa constitutes a clinically significant predictive model with substantial scope in preventive healthcare. Scientific validation and integrative application may strengthen early diagnosis and disease prevention.