Abstract

Ayurveda offers a profound conceptual framework for heredity through the classical principles of Beeja (germ cell), BeejaBhaga (sub-unit of germ cell), and BeejaBhaga Avayava (microstructural components of the sub-unit). These doctrines reflect early Indian insights into congenital abnormalities, inherited traits, and the role of parental factors in shaping progeny. Modern genetics, epigenetics, and molecular biology provide robust scientific evidence that parallels these Ayurvedic concepts, particularly regarding chromosomal behavior, gene regulation, gamete integrity, environmental influences on the genome, and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. This review critically examines classical Ayurvedic references and interprets them through the lens of contemporary genetics, emphasizing areas of conceptual convergence. The study finds that Ayurvedic heredity theory aligns with epigenetic modulation, DNA damage responses, genomic imprinting, and gene expression pathways, revealing Ayurveda’s timeless scientific