Abstract

The Tridosha Siddhanta constitutes the foundational theoretical framework of Ayurveda, describing physiological and pathological processes through the dynamic interplay of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Despite its central role in clinical practice, its correlation with modern physiological principles remains a subject of ongoing debate. This review aims to critically analyze the Tridosha Siddhanta in the context of contemporary biomedical understanding, exploring its conceptual parallels, limitations, and translational relevance. A structured literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya. The findings suggest that Vata may be functionally correlated with neurophysiological processes and movement regulation, Pitta with metabolic and enzymatic activities, and Kapha with structural integrity and anabolic processes. However, these correlations remain largely interpretative and lack direct empirical validation. Modern physiology, grounded in molecular and cellular mechanisms, provides precise quantification and experimental reproducibility, whereas the Tridosha framework offers a systemic, qualitative, and individualized approach. The review highlights both conceptual overlaps and epistemological differences, emphasizing the need for integrative research methodologies. Bridging traditional Ayurvedic principles with modern biomedical science could facilitate the development of personalized and holistic healthcare models. Further interdisciplinary studies employing systems biology and computational modelling are required to substantiate these correlations and enhance their clinical applicability.