Cervical Spondylosis (Waja ul Unuq): An Integrative Review of Unani and Modern Concepts
Abstract
Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative disorder of the cervical spine and an important cause of neck pain, disability, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. It involves progressive changes in intervertebral discs, vertebral bodies, facet and uncovertebral joints, ligaments, and adjacent soft tissues. Modern medicine considers age-related degeneration, biomechanical stress, occupational factors, trauma, posture, smoking, metabolic factors, and genetic predisposition among important contributors. In Unani medicine, the condition is understood within the broader framework of Waja ul Mafasil and, when involving the cervical region, is described as Waja ul Unuq. Classical explanations emphasize Su-e-Mizaj, accumulation of Mawad-e-Fasida, and predominance of Balgham. This review summarizes the historical background, Unani concept and pathogenesis, modern etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. It also compares the two perspectives and identifies areas where preventive, rehabilitative, and regimenal approaches may complement contemporary care. An integrative understanding may support patient-centred management while encouraging scientific evaluation of traditional interventions.
Keywords
Cervical Spondylosis; Waja ul Unuq; Waja ul Mafasil; Unani Medicine; Neck Pain; Cervical Radiculopathy; Cervical Myelopathy.
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