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The concept of Pranavaha Srotas and Pranavayu represents the Ayurvedic understanding of respiratory physiology, life-sustaining processes, and systemic regulation. In Ayurveda, Prana is considered a fundamental life force responsible for respiration, sensory perception, mental activity, and maintenance of vital functions. Pranavaha Srotas, described as the channel system responsible for carrying Prana, is closely associated with the functioning of the respiratory system and the regulation of physiological activities. Modern physiology recognizes respiration as a complex process involving pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, neural regulation, and oxygen delivery, which together maintain cellular metabolism and homeostasis. This literary review critically analyzes the relationship between Pranavaha Srotas and the functions attributed to Pranavayu by correlating classical Ayurvedic descriptions with contemporary physiological concepts. Classical texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya were reviewed along with modern scientific literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review suggests that Pranavayu functions such as inhalation (Shwasa), speech (Vak Pravritti), sensory coordination, mental activity, and maintenance of vital energy can be interpreted through the integrated functions of respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Disturbance of Pranavaha Srotas may correlate with respiratory disorders, impaired oxygenation, and autonomic dysfunction. Understanding this association may provide a broader integrative framework for respiratory physiology and disease management.

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